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Vet Pathol 37:11-21 (2000)
© 2000 American College of Veterinary Pathologists

Theileriosis in a Missouri Beef Herd Caused by Theileria buffeli: Case Report, Herd Investigation, Ultrastructure, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Experimental Transmission

S. L. Stockham, A. M. Kjemtrup, P. A. Conrad, D. A. Schmidt, M. A. Scott, T. W. Robinson, J. W. Tyler, G. C. Johnson, C. A. Carson and P. Cuddihee

Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (SLS, DAS, MAS, GCJ), Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (JWT), and Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (CAC), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA (AMK, PAC, TWR); and Heartland Animal Hospital, Ashland, MO (PC)

A 6-year-old Simmental cow infected with Theileria buffeli had a clinical disease characterized by theilerial parasitemia, macrocytic normochromic anemia with acanthocytosis and spherocytosis, lymphoid hyperplasia (lymphocytosis, edematous lymphadenomegaly), dysproteinemia, evidence of liver disease, and a low serum antibody titer against T. buffeli. The cow was in a herd in which all cattle originated in Missouri; 22/75 (29%) of cattle had a theilerial parasitemia and 26/75 (35%) had titers to T. buffeli of >=1:160. Classification of the Missouri bovine organism as T. buffeli was based on DNA sequencing and comparison to sequences for T. buffeli and Theileria sp. type A obtained from GenBank. Intraerythrocytic veils and piroplasms were seen during transmission electron microscopy. The organism was successfully transmitted to two splenectomized calves, which developed mild anemias while parasitemic. Blood from the second calf was used as the source of T. buffeli antigen for an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. Theilerial isolates from a Missouri white-tailed deer were also sequenced and resembled Theileria sp. types F and G and were not consistent with the bovine organism.

Key words: Anemia; cattle; hemolysis; nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene; phylogeny; protozoa; serology; Theileria; theileriosis; ultrastructure; white-tailed deer.

Request reprints from Dr. Steve Stockham, A336 Clydesdale Hall, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211 (USA). E-mail: stockhams{at}missouri.edu.






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