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Demonstration of Akabane Virus Antigen Using Immunohistochemistry in Naturally Infected Newborn Calves

Abstract

Eight newborn calves showing ataxia were necropsied and examined histologically. Six of seven cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from these animals had neutralizing antibody for Akabane virus (AKV). All examined calves had nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis, localized mainly in the midbrain and spinal cord. Corresponding to the encephalitic lesion, AKV antigen was demonstrated in neuroglial cells in the brain stem and neuronal cells in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. This is the first study to demonstrate AKV antigen by immunohistochemistry in naturally infected newborn calves.

Key words: Akabane virus antigen; encephalitis; immunohistochemistry; natural infection; newborn calves.

Request reprints from Dr. M. Narita, National Institute of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheris, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan. E-mail: mnarita{at}niah.affre.go.jp or Dr. Y. Noda, Byochika Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan.