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Clinical, Microscopic, and Molecular Aspects of Canine Leproid Granuloma in the United States

Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (JEF, MN), Center for Comparative Medicine (DB), and Center for Companion Animal Health (CR, AP), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA; and Idexx Veterinary Services, West Sacramento, CA (TLG)

Leproid granulomas from seven dogs in the United States were evaluated. Gross characteristics included nodular and ulcerated dermal and subcutaneous lesions primarily on the caudal aspects of the pinnae and to a lesser extent on the muzzle, face, and forelimbs. In all except one dog, there was complete regression of the lesions within 6 months, either with no therapy or after surgical resection. Cytology or histopathology revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation with few to many acid-fast mycobacterial bacilli within macrophages. The organisms could not be cultivated in vitro. DNA sequencing of part of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene region revealed 99–100% homology among fragments from five of these dogs and fragments from dogs in the South Pacific. This syndrome occurs in dogs in North America and the prognosis is excellent, in contrast to the prognosis for rapid-growing or tuberculous mycobacteriosis.

Key words: Canine leproid granuloma; canine leprosy; mycobacterial dermatitis; mycobacteriosis.

Request reprints from Dr. J. E. Foley, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616 (USA).

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