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Distribution of Protease-resistant Prion Protein and Spongiform Encephalopathy in Free-ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with Chronic Wasting Disease

Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (TRS, RRZ, BAC, CJS); Colorado Division of Wildlife, 317 West Prospect, Fort Collins, CO (MWM); and Animal Disease Research Unit, ARS/USDA, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA (KIO)

Serial sections of brain and palatine tonsil were examined by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) using monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5 for detecting protease-resistant prion protein (PrP^res) in 35 hunter-killed mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease. Serial sections of brain were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined for spongiform encephalopathy (SE). Clinical signs of disease were not observed in any of these deer. On the basis of the location and abundance of IHC and the location and severity of SE, deer were placed into four categories. Category 1 (n = 8) was characterized by IHC in the palatine tonsil with no evidence of IHC or SE in the brain. Category 2 (n = 13) was characterized by IHC in the palatine tonsil and IHC with or without SE in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNV). Category 3 (n = 2) was characterized by IHC in the palatine tonsil, IHC with SE in the myelencephalon, and IHC without SE in the hypothalamus. Category 4 (n = 12) was characterized by IHC in the palatine tonsil and IHC with SE throughout the brain. Category 1 may represent early lymphoid tissue localization of PrP^res. The DMNV appears to be the most consistent single neuroanatomic site of detectable PrP^res. Categories 2–4 may represent a progression of spread of PrP^res and SE throughout the brain. IHC in tonsil and brain and SE in brain were not detected in 208 control deer.

Key words: Brain; chronic wasting disease; immunohistochemistry; monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5; mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus); palatine tonsil; PrP^res; spongiform encephalopathy.

Request reprints from Dr. T. R. Spraker, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA).

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