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Endometrial Hyperplasia, Polyps, and Adenomyosis Associated with Unopposed Estrogen in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Departments of Pathology (GBB) and Microbiology (PAM), Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, LA; and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Michael's Medical Center and Department of Preventative Medicine and Community Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey—New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ (SMS)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the vaginal mucosa and their role in vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus. Incidentally, endometrial hyperplasia was observed in estrogen-treated monkeys at necropsy. Six adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were ovariectomized and 120 days later received two subcutaneous implants, each containing 200 mg estradiol. The animals were sacrificed 17–27 months later and the uterus examined at necropsy. All the monkeys had simple endometrial hyperplasia, some with polyps or adenomyosis, at the time of necropsy. The severity of the changes correlated with the time between implantation and necropsy. The lesions were similar to endometrial hyperplasia caused by unopposed estrogen in women, but occurred over a time period that is suitable for experimental manipulation. Rhesus monkeys could be used as a model to test the safety of various combinations of sex steroids for the prevention of postmenopausal symptoms in women.

Key words: Animal model; Macaca mulatta; nonhuman primates; reproductive pathology; uterus.

Request reprints from Dr. G. B. Baskin, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433 (USA). E-mail: gbask{at}tpc.tulane.edu.

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