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Vet Pathol 40:143-148 (2003)
© 2003 American College of Veterinary Pathologists

Detection Rates of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Porcine Circovirus Type 2, and Swine Influenza Virus in Porcine Proliferative and Necrotizing Pneumonia

R. Drolet, R. Larochelle, M. Morin, B. Delisle and R. Magar

Département de pathologie et de microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (RD, MM); and Laboratoire d'hygiène vétérinaire et alimentaire, Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (RL, BD, RM)

A retrospective study on pig lung tissues from 60 cases of proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (PNP) was performed to determine the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in these lesions. Cases selected included 30 cases diagnosed between 1988 and 1992 and 30 cases diagnosed between 1997 and 2001. In each group of 30 cases, 10 were from suckling piglets, whereas the other 20 were from postweaned animals representing either nursery or grower-finisher pigs. Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody to influenza virus type A was used to determine the presence of SIV, and in situ hybridization was used for the detection of PRRSV and PCV2 nucleic acids. PRRSV was detected in 55 of the 60 cases examined (92%), PCV2 in 25 cases (42%), and SIV in only 1 case (2%). In 30 cases (50%), PRRSV was the only virus detected, whereas in 25 other cases (42%), a combination of PRRSV and PCV2 could be detected in the lungs with PNP lesions. PCV2 could not be detected in the lungs of suckling pigs with PNP. All PCV2-positive cases were found in postweaned pigs and were always in combination with PRRSV. In this latter age group, PCV2 was detected in 63% of the cases (25/40). Data from our study indicate that SIV is rarely identified in PNP and that PCV2 infection is not essential for the development of PNP lesions. The results of the present study demonstrate that PRRSV is consistently and predominantly associated with PNP and should be considered the key etiologic agent for the condition.

Key words: Porcine circovirus type 2; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; proliferative necrotizing pneumonia; swine influenza virus.

Request reprints from Dr. R. Drolet, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6 (Canada). E-mail: droletr{at}medvet.umontreal.ca.






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