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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Two Strains of Lion (Panthera leo)–adapted Canine Distemper Virus in Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (JBS, LG, CCB); and Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (JFE)

Abstract

Canine distemper virus (CDV) caused epizootics in lions (Panthera leo) in Tanzania's Serengeti National Park in 1994 and in captive lions and other Panthera spp. in the USA in 1991–1992. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to compare viral distribution in tissues collected from ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) inoculated with one of the two lion-derived CDV isolates, either from Serengeti (A94-11/13) or from California (A92-27/20). The California isolate resulted in severe morbidity in all nine ferrets, whereas the Serengeti isolate resulted in severe morbidity in five of the nine ferrets. A slightly higher proportion of infected cells was found in many tissues in the Serengeti isolate–inoculated ferrets. These findings indicate that the pathogenicity of the California isolate is not directly related to the number of infected cells.

Key words: Canine distemper virus; CDV; ferrets; immunohistochemistry; lions; morbillivirus; Mustela putorius furo; Panthera leo; pathogenesis.

Request reprints from Dr. J. Stanton, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, PO Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040 (USA). E-mail: jstanton{at}vetmed.wsu.edu.

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