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Effect of Vaccination with Selective Bacterins on Conventional Pigs Infected with Type 2 Porcine Circovirus

Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (TO, PGH, RBE, FP), Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine (SY, ELT), and Veterinary Pathology (JMG, CWB, MRA), College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA (MF, XJM); and Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain (FP)

The objective of this study was to determine whether vaccination with bacterins commonly used in the USA, when administered at a time typical of US protocol, enhances porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) replication and the incidence and severity of clinical signs and lesions characteristic of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in conventional pigs. Sixty-one pigs free of PCV2 were randomly assigned to four groups. Groups 1 (n = 15) and 2 (n = 15) pigs served as sham-inoculated negative controls. Groups 3 (n = 14) and 4 (n = 17) pigs were inoculated intralymphoid with PCV2 field isolate ISU-40895. Pigs in groups 2 and 4 were vaccinated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) bacterins 21 days before and again 1 day before inoculation with PCV2. Mild transient respiratory disease and diarrhea were observed from 13 to 34 days postinoculation (DPI) in pigs in groups 3 and 4. Half the pigs from each group were necropsied at 22 and 34 DPI, respectively. Moderately enlarged, tan-colored lymph nodes were observed in the majority of pigs in groups 3 and 4. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) longer length of viremia (2.14 ± 0.26 versus 4.44 ± 0.23 weeks), a higher copy number of the PCV2 genome in serum, a wider range of tissue distribution of PCV2 antigen, and an increased severity of lymphoid depletion in pigs vaccinated with commercial APP and M. hyopneumoniae vaccines and inoculated with PCV2 compared with PCV2-inoculated unvaccinated pigs. Swine producers and veterinarians may need to consider changes in vaccination protocols in herds with recurrent PCV2-associated PMWS.

Key words: Immune stimulation; porcine circovirus 2; postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome; vaccination.

Request reprints from Dr. P. G. Halbur, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (USA). E-mail: pghalbur{at}iastate.edu.

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