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Vet Pathol 40:540-547 (2003)
© 2003 American College of Veterinary Pathologists

Anemia, Myopathy, and Pansteatitis in Vitamin E–deficient Captive Marmosets (Callithrix spp.)

C. Juan-Sallés, N. Prats, A. Resendes, M. Domingo, D. Hilton, J. M. Ruiz, M. M. Garner, X. Valls and A. J. Marco

Clínica Exòtics, Barcelona, Spain (CJ-S, 1 XV); UD Histologia i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Veterinària (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (NP, AR, MD, AJM); Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK (DH); Laboratorio de Diagnóstico General, Barcelona, Spain (JMR); and Northwest ZooPath, Snohomish, WA (MMG)

Five young adult pet marmosets (Callithrix spp.) were presented with weight loss (5/5); fecal retention (3/5); diarrhea (2/5); impaired locomotion (3/5); anemia (4/4); hypoproteinemia or hypoalbuminemia (3/4); elevations of creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase (3/4); and renal failure with hypercholesterolemia (2/4). All anemic marmosets had low serum vitamin E levels. The anemia responded to vitamin E and selenium therapy in two marmosets. One of the five marmosets died before presentation, and two others died despite therapy. The two marmosets necropsied had degenerative myopathy, pyogranulomatous pansteatitis, and increased erythrophagocytosis and hemosiderosis. The striated muscle and adipose tissue of both marmosets were negative for coxsackievirus ribonucleic acid by in situ hybridization. These findings suggest that vitamin E deficiency may be involved in the development of anemia, myopathy, and steatitis in callitrichids; however, in some marmosets, underlying diseases such as chronic colitis may have influenced the development of anemia and impaired vitamin E status.

Key words: Anemia; Callithrix; chronic colitis; coxsackievirus; degenerative myopathy; in situ hybridization; marmosets; steatitis; vitamin E deficiency.

Request reprints from Dr. Ana Resendes, U.D. Histologia í Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Veterinària (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, (Spain). E-mail: ana.resendes{at}uab.es.






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