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Feline Systemic Reactive Angioendotheliomatosis: Eight Cases and Literature Review

College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (RNF, KMP, BAS); Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Department of Defense, Washington, DC (TJS, FYS); Arizona Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (GAB); College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (TTB); and Antech Diagnostics, Southaven, MS (EAW)

A rare, multisystemic intravascular proliferative disorder was identified postmortem in eight cats. The majority of these cats died or were euthanized following episodes of dyspnea, lethargy, and anorexia. Microscopic examination revealed occlusive, intraluminal proliferations of spindle cells within small vessels. The heart was consistently involved, and myocardial dysfunction was the probable cause of illness in all cats. Immunohistochemically, the majority of intravascular cells expressed von Willebrand factor, and a smaller number expressed smooth muscle actin, compatible with a dual population of endothelial cells and pericytes, suggesting a reactive rather than a neoplastic process. Four cases of a similar feline vascular disorder from the veterinary literature are reviewed. The histopathology resembles reactive angioendotheliomatosis in humans, a benign cutaneous intravascular endothelial and pericytic proliferative condition. However, in contrast, this feline disease is multisystemic and fatal. We propose the name "feline systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis" for this unique, idiopathic disorder of domestic cats.

Key words: Blood vessels; electron microscopy; endothelial cells; feline diseases; heart; immunohistochemistry.

Request reprints from Dr. B. A. Summers, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA). E-mail: bas2{at}cornell.edu.

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