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Vet Pathol 42:642-649 (2005)
© 2005 American College of Veterinary Pathologists

Hypertensive Encephalopathy in Cats with Reduced Renal Function

C. A. Brown, J. S. Munday, S. Mathur and S. A. Brown

Athens Diagnostic Laboratory (CAB, JSM) and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (SM, SAB), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA

The clinical, hemodynamic, and pathologic features of hypertensive encephalopathy in two cats with reduced renal mass are described. The cats developed a progressive syndrome of lethargy, ataxia, blindness, stupor, and seizures following an abrupt increase in blood pressure associated with a surgical reduction in renal mass. The cats had severe gross brain edema, evidenced by cerebellar changes of caudal coning and cranial displacement over the corpora quadrigemina and cerebral changes of widening and flattening of the gyri. Histologically, interstitial edema was most pronounced in the cerebral white matter. Hypertensive vascular lesions were present as hyaline arteriolosclerosis in one cat and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis in the other. Rare foci of parenchymal microhemorrhages and necrosis were also observed. Systemic hypertension (especially severe or rapidly developing) accompanied by neurologic signs and the pathologic findings of diffuse brain edema with cerebral arteriolosclerosis are consistent with an etiologic diagnosis of hypertensive encephalopathy.

Key words: Cats; hypertensive encephalopathy; renal hypertension.

Request reprints from Dr. Cathy Brown, Athens Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 (USA). E-mail: cabrown{at}vet.uga.edu.


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Copyright © 2005 by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.