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Vet Pathol 43:484-493 (2006)
© 2006 American College of Veterinary Pathologists

Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Fourteen Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

A. K. Remick, C. E. Wood, J. A. Cann, M. K. Gee, E. A. Feiste, N. D. Kock and J. M. Cline

Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (AKR, EAF), Comparative Medicine Clinical Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (CEW, JAC, MKG, NDK, JMC)

Pituitary adenomas were identified in 14 of 491 (2.9%) cynomolgus macaques evaluated from 1994 to 2004. Cases included male (8) and female (6) cynomolgus macaques ranging from 18 to 32 years of age. Seven of the pituitary adenomas caused gross enlargement of the pituitary gland that was visible on postmortem examination, whereas the remaining 7 were multifocal microadenomas identified on histologic examination. A total of 35 adenomas were identified in the 14 macaques, 6 of which were being treated for diabetes mellitus. Mean (± SD) pituitary weight was 0.31 ± 0.42 g, compared with 0.07 ± 0.02 g for 430 historical control animals (P < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical staining for follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, human growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone was applied to pituitary tissue from all cases. Immunostaining revealed 22 of 35 (62.9%) lactotroph adenomas, 5 of 35 (14.3%) plurihormonal cell adenomas, 3 of 35 (8.6%) corticotroph adenomas, 2 of 35 (5.7%) null cell adenomas, 1 of 35 (2.9%) somatotroph adenomas, 1 of 35 (2.9%) mixed corticotroph-somatotroph adenomas, 1 of 35 (2.9%) mixed lactotroph-corticotroph adenomas, 0 of 35 gonadotroph adenomas, and 0 of 35 thyrotroph adenomas. This study represents the first extensive retrospective case series performed to evaluate the histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of pituitary adenomas in cynomolgus macaques. Our findings indicated that macaque pituitary adenomas frequently had mixed histologic appearance and hormone expression, and that, similar to human pituitary adenomas, prolactin-secreting neoplasms were the most prevalent type.

Key words: Adenoma; corticotrophin; cynomolgus monkey; immunohistochemistry; Macaca fascicularis; pituitary neoplasms; primate diseases; prolactin.

Request reprints from Dr. J Mark ClineDVMPhDDACVP, Comparative Medicine Clinical Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040 (USA). E-mail: jmcline{at}wfubmc.edu






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