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Vet Pathol 44:589-599 (2007)
© 2007 American College of Veterinary Pathologists

Myocarditis Associated with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O in Lambs

M. Y. Gulbahar, W. C. Davis, T. Guvenc, M. Yarim, U. Parlak and Y. B. Kabak

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey (MYG, TG, MY, YBK), Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (WCD), Foot-and-Mouth Disease Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara, Turkey (UP)

The present study describes the pathogenetic mechanisms of myocarditis in 9 lambs that died in a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Samsun, Turkey. In all the heart samples tested, ELISA and sequencing for phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus, namely O/TUR/Samsun/05, was associated with the PanAsia pandemic strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type O. The lambs had myocardial lesions but no typical vesicular lesions. In situ reverse transcription showed that many cardiomyocytes and some interstitial cells were positive for FMDV type O. Inflammatory infiltration, hyaline degeneration, and necrosis of sheets of myocytes were observed. The cellular infiltrates were mononuclear cells, including many lymphocytes, macrophages, a few plasma cells, and neutrophils. Major histocompatibility complex Class II+ dendritic and mononuclear cells, {gamma}{delta} T cells, CD172A+ and CD14+ macrophages and monocytes, and IgM+ B cells were detected mainly in the infected hearts. Inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) was seen mostly in areas of inflammation infiltrated by large numbers of cells. Of the 2 {alpha}-subunits of integrin known to be used as receptors by FMDV in epithelial tissues, CD49e (integrin {alpha}5) was detected in the membranes of cardiac myocytes with intercalated discs, but CD51 (integrin {alpha}V) was not detected in cardiac myocytes from infected or normal lambs. Interstitial and inflammatory cells were positive for both integrin subunits. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive signal was detected in the nuclei of both cardiac myocytes and interstitial cells from infected lambs. These findings suggest that the iNOS expressed by inflammatory cells in lesions may have a deleterious effect on cardiac myocytes in these lesions.

Key words: Apoptosis; foot-and-mouth disease virus type O; immunohistochemistry; in situ reverse transcription; inducible nitric oxide synthase; integrin; lamb; myocarditis.

Request reprints from Dr. M Yavuz Gulbahar, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kurupelit, 55139 Samsun (Turkey). E-mail: mygulbahar{at}hotmail.com. E-mail: myg64{at}omu.edu.tr






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Copyright © 2007 by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.