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Vet Pathol 44:607-620 (2007)
© 2007 American College of Veterinary Pathologists

The Spectrum of Canine Cutaneous Perivascular Wall Tumors: Morphologic, Phenotypic and Clinical Characterization

G. Avallone, P. Helmbold, M. Caniatti, D. Stefanello, R. C. Nayak and P. Roccabianca

Dipartimento di Patologia Animale Igienee Sanita' Pubblica Veterinaria-Sezione Anatomia Patologica Veterinariae Patologia Aviare (GA, MC, PR), Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie (DS), School of Veterinary Medicine University of Milan, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Martin Luther University, Halle - Wittenberg, Germany and Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (PH); College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (RCN)

Perivascular wall tumors (PWTs) are defined as neoplasms deriving from mural cells of blood vessels, excluding the endothelial lining. The spectrum of human cutaneous PWT includes glomus tumor, hemangiopericytoma (HEP), myopericytoma, angioleiomyoma/sarcoma, angiomyofibroblastoma, and angiofibroma. The purpose of this study was to revise clinical presentation, cytology, histopathology, and immunohistology of canine cutaneous PWT with cytology typical of canine HEP. Diagnosis was established on the basis of vascular growth patterns (staghorn, placentoid, perivascular whorling, bundles from media) and immunohistology, including 7 smooth muscle markers and the cell membrane ganglioside of unknown origin recognized by the antibody 3G5 (CMG-3G5). Twenty cases were included. Ages ranged from 6 to 13 years; 12 dogs were males and 8 were females, and there was a prevalence of crossbreeds. Tumors arose from a single site with preferential acral location (10/20). Cytology revealed moderate to high cellularity in all cases, cohesive groups of cells (19/20), capillaries (18/20), and bi- to multinucleated cells (18/20). Six myopericytomas, 5 angioleiomyomas, 2 angioleiomyosarcomas, 2 HEP, 1 angiofibroma, and 1 adventitial tumor were identified. A definitive diagnosis was not possible in 3 cases. Smoothelin, heavy caldesmon, desmin, myosin, calponin, and CMG-3G5 were the most valuable markers to differentially diagnose canine PWT. Similar to reports in humans, canine HEP embodied a spectrum of neoplastic entities arising from different vascular mural cells. Before canine PWTs are assimilated into one prognostic category, a consistent classification and characterization of their biology is necessary. As proposed in humans, HEP should also be considered a diagnosis of exclusion in dogs.

Key words: 3G5; dogs; hemangiopericytoma; immunohistochemistry; myopericytoma; vascular wall; whorling.

Request reprints from Roccabianca Paola, DiPAV- Sezione Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare. Facolta' di Medicina Veterinaria, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano (Italy). E-mail: paola.roccabianca{at}unimi.it






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Copyright © 2007 by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.