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Vet Pathol 45:816-824 (2008)
© 2008 American College of Veterinary Pathologists
ONCOLOGY

Feline Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Multiorgan Involvement

M. D. M. Busch, C. M. Reilly, J. A. Luff and P. F. Moore

Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA (JAL, PFM), Vet Med Labor GmbH, IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (MDMB), and IDEXX Laboratories, North Grafton, MA (CMR)

Abstract

Histiocytic proliferative diseases are uncommon in cats, although recently a progressive histiocytosis of the skin with terminal involvement of internal organs has been described in cats. Here we describe 3 cats (2 males and 1 female) with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). The cats were euthanized due to progressive respiratory clinical symptoms and deterioration. Macroscopically, extensive, multifocal to confluent, pulmonary masses were evident. Infiltration of pancreas (2 cats), kidneys (1 cat), liver (1 cat), as well as tracheobronchial, hepatosplenic, or mesenteric lymph nodes (2 cats) was observed by gross or microscopic examination. The infiltrating cells had histiocytic morphology with cytologic atypia characterized by anisokaryosis and hyperchromasia regionally within infiltrated tissues. Lesional histiocytes expressed vimentin, CD18, and E-cadherin. Expression of E-cadherin was usually markedly reduced in extra-pulmonary lesions, which is consistent with possible down-regulation of E-cadherin associated with distant migration from the lung. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated intracytoplasmic organelles consistent with Birbeck's granules of Langerhans cells in the lesional histiocytes in all cats, except in the pancreas of one cat. These findings were compatible PLCH with limited organ involvement of humans. It remains unproven whether feline PLCH represents a reactive or neoplastic cell proliferation.

Key words: Birbeck's granules; cat diseases; CD18; E-cadherin; immunohistochemistry; Langerhans cell histiocytosis; lung; transmission electron microscopy.

Request reprints from Dr. P F Moore, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 4206 VM3A, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 (USA). E-mail: pfmoore{at}ucdavis.edu.


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