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Vet Pathol 45:914-921 (2008)
© 2008 American College of Veterinary Pathologists
LABORATORY ANIMALS

Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus Type 1-associated B-cell Nasal Lymphoma in SIV-infected Rhesus Macaques

A. K. Marr-Belvin, A. K. Carville, M. A. Fahey, K. Boisvert, S. A. Klumpp, M. Ohashi, F. Wang, S. P. O'Neil and S. V. Westmoreland

Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, New England Primate Research Center, Division of Comparative Pathology, Southborough, MA (AKM, AKC, MAF, KB, SPO, SVW); The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Houston, TX (SAK); and Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (MO, FW)

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a worldwide endemic gamma herpesvirus of the genus Lymphocryptovirus (LCV) that infects more than 90% of the world's population. EBV has been associated with a variety of malignancies, but it has a demonstrated role in lymphomas, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. Lymphomas of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx are uncommon and constitute less than 5% of all extranodal lymphomas. Sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have been reported in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at an increased frequency. Rhesus LCV (rhLCV), the rhesus viral homolog of EBV, has been cloned and is associated with B-cell lymphomas in immunosuppressed rhesus macaques. We report two cases of B-cell lymphoma within the nasal cavity from 2 simian immunodeficiency virus–infected rhesus macaques with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The B-cell phenotype and rhLCV association were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. The majority of the nuclei of the neoplastic B lymphocytes were EBNA-2 positive. RhLCV type 1 sequences were verified from the neoplasms by polymerase chain reaction. Nasal lymphoma is an unusual presentation of rhLCV-associated B-cell lymphoma in immunosuppressed rhesus macaques. These tumors demonstrate comparable viral pathogenesis with EBV-induced nasal lymphomas in HIV-positive people.

Key words: EBV; lymphocryptovirus; lymphoma; macaque; rhesus; rhLCV; sinonasal; SIV.

Request reprints from Susan V Westmoreland, Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, New England Primate Research Center, One Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA 01772-9102 (USA). E-mail: susan_westmoreland{at}hms.harvard.edu


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